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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 41(supl.2): 103-117, oct. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355763

ABSTRACT

Resumen | Introducción. Las rickettsiosis son enfermedades zoonóticas transmitidas por artrópodos que cumplen el papel de vectores y reservorios, y cuyos síntomas son inespecíficos, por lo que su diagnóstico clínico es difícil. La inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) es el método de referencia para el diagnóstico. En Colombia, ha resurgido el interés por su estudio por los casos de rickettsiosis detectados en el norte del departamento de Caldas a partir del 2001. Objetivo. Establecer la frecuencia de anticuerpos y la seroconversión contra Rickettsia spp. en pacientes atendidos en instituciones de salud del departamento de Caldas, Colombia, entre 2016 y 2019. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de diseño cuantitativo, observacional y descriptivo, con una muestra no probabilística de 175 pacientes atendidos en diferentes municipios de Caldas, a quienes se les realizó IFI para la detección de anticuerpos en fase aguda y convaleciente contra Rickettsia rickettsii, R. typhi y R. felis. Resultados. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 31 años. Los municipios con mayor proporción de seropositivos fueron Belalcázar, Chinchiná, Filadelfia, La Dorada, La Merced y Manizales. El 66 % tenía mascotas y el 12 % reportó picaduras por artrópodos. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron cefalea (69,7 %), artromialgia (60 %), y fiebre (58,2 %). La seroprevalencia por IgG fue de 60 % para R. rickettsii, 47,9 % para R. typhi y 24 % para R. felis. Ocho pacientes presentaron seroconversión. Conclusión. Se encontró evidencia de la circulación de rickettsias del grupo de las fiebres manchadas y del grupo del tifus asociada con casos humanos en el departamento de Caldas.


Abstract | Introduction: Rickettsioses are zoonotic diseases transmitted by arthropods acting as vectors and reservoirs. Disease symptoms are nonspecific and, therefore, their clinical diagnosis is difficult. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) is the gold standard assay for diagnosis. The interest for conducting studies on these pathologies has resurfaced in Colombia since 2001; besides, previous studies have evidenced cases of rickettsiosis in the north of the department of Caldas. Objective: To establish the frequency of antibodies and seroconversion against Rickettsia spp. In patients consulting health institutions in Caldas, Colombia, from 2016 to 2019. Materials and methods: We conducted a quantitative, observational, and descriptive study on a non-probabilistic sample of 175 patients with symptoms compatible with rickettsiosis who consulted in different municipalities of Caldas, Colombia; IFA was performed to detect antibodies in the acute and convalescent phases against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia typhi, and Rickettsia felis. Results: The average age of the patients was 31 years. The municipalities with the highest proportion of seropositive cases were Belalcázar, Chinchiná, Filadelfia, La Dorada, La Merced, and Manizales; 66% of patients owned pets and 12% reported arthropod bites. The most frequent signs and symptoms were headache (69.7%), arthromyalgia (60%), and fever (58.2%). IgG seroprevalence was 60% for R. rickettsii, 47.9% for R. typhi, and, and 24% for R. felis. Eight patients presented seroconversion. Conclusion: We found evidence of the circulation of Rickettsia species from the spotted fever group and the typhus group associated with human cases in Caldas.


Subject(s)
Rickettsia Infections/diagnosis , Rickettsia , Rickettsia rickettsii , Rickettsia typhi , Epidemiology , Risk Factors , Rickettsia felis
2.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(1): e015620, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1251360

ABSTRACT

Abstract Rickettsia felis is an obligate intracellular bacterium capable of infecting ticks, fleas, lice, and other arthropods. This bacterium is classified as a member of the Transitional Group (TRG) Rickettsia. It is known the evidence of R. felis mutualistic and obligatory relationship with some eukaryote organisms. However, there aren't scientific accounts of R. felis and moths of the order Lepidoptera association. The current work reports the first identification of the bacteria R. felis in Phereoeca sp. For that, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using gltA, ompA, and ompB genes was used. The nucleotide sequences showed 100% of identity with other Rickettsia felis sequences. The genus-level identification of the moth larvae was performed by morphological taxonomic keys and PCR analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The nucleotide sequenced showed 94.94% similarity with the species Phereoeca praecox. However, with the low number of sequences deposited in the databases, the species was classified as Phereoeca sp. The results suggest that R. felis may develop in an organism without blood-feeding behavior (Lepidoptera), as it has been demonstrated for booklice (Psocoptera). Further investigation is necessary in order to confirm pathogenic or mutualistic association with moths.


Resumo Rickettsia felis é uma bactéria intracelular obrigatória capaz de infectar carrapatos, pulgas, piolhos e outros artrópodes. Essa bactéria é classificada como um membro do Grupo de Transição (TRG). Há evidência de que R. felis está relacionada a alguns organismos eucariotos em um relacionamento mutualístico e obrigatório. No entanto, nenhum relato científico mostra alguma relação entre R. felis e traças da ordem Lepidoptera. O presente trabalho relata a primeira identificação da bactéria R. felis em Phereoeca sp. Para isso, empregou-se um ensaio de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) utilizando-se os genes gltA, ompA e ompB. As sequências nucleotídicas mostraram 100% de identidade com outras sequências de Rickettsia felis. Utilizando-se chaves taxonômicas morfológicas e análise por PCR do gene da citocromo oxidase I (COI) foi feita a identificação em nível de espécie da forma jovem das traças. O nucleotídeo sequenciado mostrou 94,94% de similaridade com a espécie Phereoeca praecox. Entretanto, com o baixo número de sequências depositadas nos bancos de dados, a espécie foi classificada como Phereoeca sp. Os resultados sugerem que R. felis pode se desenvolver em um organismo sem alimentação de sangue (Lepidoptera), assim como tem sido demonstrado para a espécie Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera). Mais investigações são necessárias para confirmar uma possível associação patogênica ou mutualística com traças.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Rickettsia , Cat Diseases , Rickettsia felis/genetics , Flea Infestations/veterinary , Lepidoptera , Siphonaptera
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(2): 129-132, Mar-Apr/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744731

ABSTRACT

Rickettsia typhi is the causal agent of murine typhus; a worldwide zoonotic and vector-borne infectious disease, commonly associated with the presence of domestic and wild rodents. Human cases of murine typhus in the state of Yucatán are frequent. However, there is no evidence of the presence of Rickettsia typhi in mammals or vectors in Yucatán. The presence of Rickettsia in rodents and their ectoparasites was evaluated in a small municipality of Yucatán using the conventional polymerase chain reaction technique and sequencing. The study only identified the presence of Rickettsia typhi in blood samples obtained from Rattus rattus and it reported, for the first time, the presence of R. felis in the flea Polygenis odiosus collected from Ototylomys phyllotis rodent. Additionally, Rickettsia felis was detected in the ectoparasite Ctenocephalides felis fleas parasitizing the wild rodent Peromyscus yucatanicus. This study’s results contributed to a better knowledge of Rickettsia epidemiology in Yucatán.


Rickettsia typhi es el agente causal del tifo murino; una enfermedad zoonótica transmitida por vector mundialmente distribuida, comúnmente asociada con la presencia de roedores domésticos y silvestres. Los casos humanos de tifo murino en el Estado de Yucatán son frecuentes. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia de la presencia de Rickettsia typhi en mamíferos o vectores en Yucatán. En la búsqueda de vectores y reservorios de Rickettsia typhi, evaluamos la presencia de bacterias del género Rickettsia en roedores y sus ectoparásitos de un pequeño municipio del estado de Yucatán por medio de técnicas de PCR convencional y secuenciación de ADN. Se identificó la presencia de Rickettsia typhi en muestras de sangre obtenidas de Rattus rattus y reportamos por primera vez la presencia de Rickettsia felis en la pulga Polygenis odiosus colectado de Ototylomys phyllotis. Complementariamente, Rickettsia felis fue detectado en la pulga Ctenocephalides felis parasitando al roedor Peromyscus yucatanicus. No se identificó especie de Rickettsia en las muestras de sangre de O. phyllotis y P. yucatanicus analizados. Nuestros resultados contribuyen también en el conocimiento de ciclo de vida biológico del género Rickettsia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rickettsia felis/isolation & purification , Rickettsia typhi/isolation & purification , Rodentia/microbiology , Siphonaptera/microbiology , Disease Vectors , Mexico , Muridae , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Parasites/microbiology , Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne/transmission
4.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 33(supl.1): 9-13, set. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695791

ABSTRACT

Rickettsia felis es el agente etiológico de la fiebre manchada transmitida por pulgas, cuyo principal vector y reservorio es Ctenocephalides felis . Típicamente, la enfermedad se presenta como fiebre aguda asociada a cefalea, astenia, exantema máculo-papular generalizado y, en algunos casos, con escara de inoculación. En los últimos años, R. felis ha venido adquiriendo un papel importante en la etiología del síndrome febril agudo, calificándola como una enfermedad emergente y subdiagnosticada. La inmunofluorescencia indirecta es actualmente el método diagnóstico de referencia. Sin embargo, esta técnica presenta limitaciones relacionadas con la reacción cruzada que existe entre las diferentes especies del género Rickettsia . En el presente reporte se describe el caso de un paciente de 16 años con síndrome febril agudo secundario a infección probable por R. felis .


Rickettsia felis is the etiologic agent of flea-borne spotted fever, with Ctenocephalides felis as its main vector and reservoir. Typically, the disease presents as acute fever associated with headache, asthenia, generalized maculo-papular rash, and in some cases, an inoculation eschar. In recent years, R. felis has acquired an important role in the etiology of the acute febrile syndrome; it is indeed an emerging infectious disease, albeit underdiagnosed. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is currently the reference diagnostic method. However, this technique has limitations related to the cross reactivity among different species of rickettsiae. Herein, we describe a case of a 16 year-old patient with an acute febrile syndrome secondary to probable infection with R. felis.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Animals , Cats , Dogs , Humans , Male , Ctenocephalides/microbiology , Rickettsia Infections/diagnosis , Rickettsia felis/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Diagnosis, Differential , Dengue/diagnosis , Environmental Exposure , Horses , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Leukopenia/etiology , Rickettsia Infections/blood , Rickettsia Infections/transmission , Rickettsia felis/immunology , Thrombocytopenia/etiology
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 19(4): 222-227, Oct.-Dec. 2010. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604675

ABSTRACT

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is a vector-borne zoonosis caused by Rickettsia rickettsii bacteria. Dogs can be host sentinels for this bacterium. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in dogs from the city of São José dos Pinhais, State of Paraná, Southern Brazil, where a human case of BSF was first reported in the state. Between February 2006 and July 2007, serum samples from 364 dogs were collected and tested at 1:64 dilutions by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against R. rickettsii and R. parkeri. All sera that reacted at least to one of Rickettsia species were tested against the six main Rickettsia species identified in Brazil: R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. bellii, R. rhipicephali, R. amblyommii and R. felis. Sixteen samples (4.4 percent) reacted to at least one Rickettsia species. Among positive animals, two dogs (15.5 percent) showed suggestive titers for R. bellii exposure. One sample had a homologous reaction to R. felis, a confirmed human pathogen. Although Rickettsia spp. circulation in dogs in the area studied may be considered at low prevalence, suggesting low risk of human infection, the present data demonstrate for the first time the exposure of dogs to R. bellii and R. felis in Southern Brazil.


A febre maculosa brasileira (FMB) é uma zoonose veiculada por carrapatos e causada pela bactéria Rickettsia rickettsii, podendo os cães ser hospedeiros sentinelas para essa bactéria. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a presença de anticorpos contra Rickettsia spp. em cães de São José dos Pinhais, estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Entre fevereiro de 2006 e julho de 2007, amostras séricas de 364 cães foram coletadas e testadas na diluição de 1:64 por Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) contra R. rickettsii e R. parkeri. Todos os soros reagentes para pelo menos uma espécie de Rickettsia foram testados contra as seis principais espécies de Rickettsia identificadas no Brasil: R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. bellii, R. rhipicephali, R. amblyommii e R. felis. Dezesseis amostras (4,4 por cento) reagiram para pelo menos uma espécie de Rickettsia. Dos animais positivos, dois cães (15,5 por cento) apresentaram títulos sugestivos de exposição a R. bellii. Uma amostra apresentou reação homóloga frente à R. felis, um agente patogênico confirmado para seres humanos. Muito embora os resultados demonstrem uma baixa prevalência de Rickettsia spp. em cães, sugerindo um baixo risco de infecção humana, este estudo relatou pela primeira vez a evidência de exposição a R. bellii e R. felis em cães no Sul do Brasil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Dog Diseases/blood , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dogs/blood , Rickettsia/immunology , Brazil/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Rickettsia Infections/blood , Rickettsia Infections/epidemiology , Rickettsia felis/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies
6.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 41(3): 813-818, Oct. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-549422

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated the rickettsial infection in a laboratory colony of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouche) in Brazil. All flea samples (30 eggs, 30 larvae, 30 cocoons, 30 males, and 30 females) tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were shown to contain rickettsial DNA. PCR products, corresponding to the rickettsial gltA, htrA, ompA and ompB gene partial sequences were sequenced and showed to correspond to Rickettsia felis, indicating that the flea colony was 100 percent infected by R. felis. The immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed the presence of R. felis-reactive antibodies in blood sera of 7 (87.5 percent) out of 8 cats that were regularly used to feed the flea colony. From 15 humans that used to work with the flea colony in the laboratory, 6 (40.0 percent) reacted positively to R. felis by IFA. Reactive feline and human sera showed low endpoint titers against R. felis, varying from 64 to 256. With the exception of one human serum, all R. felis-reactive sera were also reactive to Rickettsia rickettsii and/or Rickettsia parkeri antigens at similar titers to R. felis. The single human serum that was reactive solely to R. felis had an endpoint titer of 256, indicating that this person was infected by R. felis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cats , Base Sequence , Cats , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rickettsiaceae Infections , Rickettsia felis/isolation & purification , Siphonaptera , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Methods
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(2): 191-194, Mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-480633

ABSTRACT

Rickettsioses are arthropod-borne diseases caused by parasites from the Order Rickettsiales. The most prevalent rickettsial disease in Brazil is Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). This work intends the molecular detection of those agents in ectoparasites from an endemic area of BSF in the state of Espírito Santo. A total of 502 ectoparasites, among them Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma dubitatum (A. cooperi), Riphicephalus sanguineus, Anocentor nitens and Ctenocephalides felis, was collected from domestic animals and the environment and separated in 152 lots according to the origin. Rickettsia sp. was detected in pools of all collected species by amplification of 17kDa protein-encoding gene fragments. The products of PCR amplification of three samples were sequenced, and Rickettsia felis was identified in R. sanguineus and C. felis. These results confirm the presence of Rickettsia felis in areas previously known as endemic for BSF, disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. Moreover, they show the needing of further studies for deeper knowledge of R. felis-spotted fever epidemiology and differentiation of these diseases in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Animals, Domestic/parasitology , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Siphonaptera/microbiology , Insect Vectors/microbiology , Rickettsia felis/genetics , Ticks/microbiology , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Endemic Diseases , Environment , Siphonaptera/classification , Horses , Insect Vectors/classification , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rickettsia Infections/epidemiology , Rickettsia Infections/microbiology , Rickettsia Infections/transmission , Rickettsia felis/isolation & purification , Ticks/classification
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 57(3): 321-325, jun. 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-415149

ABSTRACT

Amostras de 10 e 14 pulgas Ctenocephalides felis felis foram coletadas de cães nos municípios de Pedreira e Mogi das Cruzes, respectivamente, no estado de São Paulo, para pesquisa de Rickettsia spp. As pulgas foram individualmente submetidas à reação em cadeia pela polimerase, tendo como alvo os genes 17-kDa e 190-kDa (OmpA) de Rickettsia, sendo esse último específico para o GFM. Nove pulgas de Pedreira (90%) e quatro pulgas de Mogi das Cruzes (28%) foram positivas para o gene 17-kDa, e oito pulgas de Pedreira (80%) e quatro de Mogi das Cruzes (28%) foram positivas para o gene 190-kDa. As seqüências de nucleotídeos do gene 190-kDa de uma pulga de Pedreira e de uma pulga de Mogi das Cruzes foram 100% idênticas; quando comparadas com dados existentes no GenBank, foram 100% idênticas com a seqüência parcial do gene 190-kDa de Rickettsia felis. Esse foi o primeiro relato de sua ocorrência no estado de São Paulo.


Subject(s)
Siphonaptera/parasitology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rickettsia felis/isolation & purification
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